The most common error codes and what they mean: A guide to automotive diagnostics
The check engine light comes on and suddenly the guesswork begins: what could be the problem? Fortunately, automotive diagnostic devices can help you quickly identify the cause. But the meaning of the various error codes is not always obvious. In this article, we will introduce you to the most common error codes and explain what they mean and how you should respond to them.
What are OBD2 error codes?
OBD2 (On-Board Diagnostic) trouble codes are standardized codes generated by a vehicle's on-board electronics when a problem is detected. These codes consist of a combination of letters and numbers and provide information about the system affected and the type of problem.
The most common OBD2 error codes and their meaning
Here are some of the most common error codes and what they mean:
1. P0300: Misfire detected
- Description: This trouble code indicates that the engine control module has detected multiple misfires in one or more cylinders. Misfires can be caused by various things such as spark plugs, ignition coils or injectors.
- Solution: Check the spark plugs and ignition coils for wear and replace if necessary. Make sure the fuel system is working properly.
2. P0171: Mixture too lean (Bank 1)
- Description: This code means that the fuel-air mixture on bank 1 of the engine is too lean. This may indicate a leak in the intake system, a faulty mass air flow sensor, or a problem with the fuel system.
- Solution: Check for vacuum leaks, clean the mass air flow sensor, and make sure the fuel pump is working properly.
3. P0420: Catalyst system efficiency below threshold (Bank 1)
- Description: This code indicates that the catalytic converter on bank 1 of the engine is not working efficiently. This may indicate a worn catalytic converter or a problem with the oxygen sensors.
- Solution: Check the function of the lambda sensors and the condition of the catalyst. If necessary, defective parts should be replaced.
4. P0455: Large leak in EVAP system
- Description: This code indicates a large leak in the EVAP (Evaporative Emission Control System), which is responsible for capturing and recycling fuel vapors in the vehicle. A loose or faulty gas cap may be a cause.
- Solution: Check that the fuel tank cap is tight and not leaking. If the problem persists, have the EVAP system checked by a professional.
5. P0113: Intake air temperature sensor – input signal too high
- Description: This code indicates that the intake air temperature sensor is sending an abnormally high signal, indicating a problem with the sensor or its wiring.
- Solution: Check the sensor and wiring for damage. Replace the sensor if necessary.
How to respond to error codes
Once an error code is detected, it is important not to ignore it. Some codes indicate minor problems that do not require immediate attention, while others require urgent repairs. Here are some general tips:
- Reading error codes: Use a reliable vehicle diagnostic tool to identify the exact error code.
- Research the meaning: Find out the exact meaning of the code to assess the seriousness of the situation.
- Troubleshooting: Try to fix minor problems yourself, or contact a professional mechanic for major repairs.
- Clear Trouble Codes: After the problem is resolved, clear the trouble code using your diagnostic tool. If the code returns, it could indicate a recurring or incompletely resolved problem.
Conclusion
Understanding OBD2 trouble codes is an important step in effectively maintaining your vehicle. With the right knowledge and a reliable automotive diagnostic tool, you can identify and fix many problems early on, before they cause major damage.
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